Reconciling Work and Family Life: The Effect of the French Paid Parental Leave

نویسندگان

  • Julie Moschion
  • Dominique Goux
  • Eric Maurin
چکیده

In France, having more than two children has a causal negative impact on mothers’ labour supply. The question addressed in this paper is whether the paid parental leave alter this effect. To address this issue, we focus on a reform that modified the conditions in which labour decisions are taken. In July 1994, the Allocation parentale d’éducation was extended to parents of two children (among which one is less than three years old). We show that after the reform, that is when families of two and more than two children have the same incentive to take a paid parental leave, having more than two children has no longer a negative effect on the participation probability of mothers. In addition, this is particularly true for women having no more than the school-leaving certificate, which happen to be the main recipients of the benefit. __________________________________ Concilier vie professionnelle et vie familiale : l’effet de l’Allocation parentale d’éducation Résumé : En France, avoir plus de deux enfants a un effet causal négatif sur l’offre de travail des mères. Cet article pose la question de savoir si le congé parental d’éducation rémunéré altère cet effet. Pour répondre à cette question, nous nous concentrons sur la réforme de 1994 qui a modifié les conditions dans lesquelles les décisions d’offre de travail sont prises. En juillet 1994, l’Allocation parentale d’éducation a été étendue aux parents de deux enfants (dont un de moins de trois ans). Nous trouvons qu’après la réforme, c’est-à-dire au moment où les familles de deux et plus de deux enfants ont la même possibilité de prendre un congé parental d’éducation rémunéré, avoir plus de deux enfants n’a plus d’effet négatif sur la probabilité d’activité des mères. Et cela concerne en particulier les femmes ayant un diplôme inférieur ou égal au baccalauréat, qui se trouvent être les principales bénéficiaires de la mesure. 1 PTJulie Moschion, CES-Université Paris 1, 106-112 Bd de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France ; Direction de l’animation de la recherche, des études et des statistiques, 39-43 quai André Citroën, 75015 Paris, France, tel : 01 44 38 24 91, fax : 01 44 38 23 39, [email protected]. We thank Dominique Goux, Eric Maurin, participants at the EALE conference in Amsterdam, and two anonymous referees for helpful comments and suggestions. We are particularly grateful to Pierre Cahuc, Eve Caroli, Roland Rathelot and Laurent Lequien for helpful discussions on earlier drafts.

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تاریخ انتشار 2008